羊痘病毒免疫学研究进展

羊痘病毒是在细胞浆中复制的DNA病毒,能引起羊和牛的皮肤病变.病毒编码一系列免疫调节基因和引起宿主细胞凋亡的基因来逃避宿主先天和后天的免疫反应.病毒感染机体后,主要引起宿主的细胞免疫.羊痘病毒能增强机体对其他免疫原的免疫反应.     

禽流感H9亚型流行毒株交叉免疫保护试验

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所1998年-2008年在北京及河北省分离的4株禽流感病毒H9亚型流行毒株,分别制备不同分离毒株灭活疫苗,免疫SPF鸡,进行交叉免疫保护试验。结果表明,用4个不同时期的分离毒株所制备出的灭活疫苗免疫鸡后,各免疫组鸡禽流感(H9亚型)的HI抗体效价均明显上升,所诱导产生的HI抗体效价基本相同;不同时期分离毒株大多产生了较好的交叉保护力。用1998年、2004年及2006年分离的流行毒株制备出的灭活疫苗能够保护2008年流行毒株的攻击。     

Effects on adhesion molecule expression and lymphocytes in the bovine mammary gland following intra-mammary immunisation

Changes to adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte populations were evaluated in alveolar mammary tissue collected from cows following an immunisation protocol that involved intra-mammary inoculation to induce an IgA response in mammary secretions. The right quarters of the udder were immunised; the left side acted as a control. Antibody titres in secretions showed that at least two animals responded with antigen-specific IgA. Numbers of T-lymphocytes were 4-fold higher in immunised glands compared with controls (P < 0.05). IgA-, IgM- and IgG-positive cell numbers were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in immunised glands compared with controls in three of the four cows. No mucosal addressin molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) or peripheral node addressin (PNAd) protein expression was detected on smaller venules that stained positively for von Willebrand factor in alveolar mammary tissues, from either immunised or control glands. Both VCAM-1 and PNAd were detected on smaller venules in supramammary lymph nodes, however, there was no significant difference between immunised and control glands. Quantification of MAdCAM-1 mRNA showed very low expression in both immunised and control alveolar tissue compared with Peyer's patch positive-control tissue. These findings suggest that the bovine mammary gland is capable of a mucosal antibody response; however, MAdCAM-1 is not involved with lymphocyte homing to the mammary gland in this species.     

灵芝发酵产物对感染PCV-2病毒断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本研究以深层发酵灵芝为原料,评估灵芝发酵产物对感染猪圆环病毒-2(PCV-2)断奶仔猪生长发育及免疫功能的影响。试验1:选择160头21 d断奶的仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组分别在基础日粮中添加0、50、100和150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物。试验2:将120头21 d断奶的仔猪随机分为2组(4个重复,每个重复15头),分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮+50 mg/kg的灵芝发酵产物。两组仔猪在试验当天通过肌肉注射105/mL感染剂量的PCV-2病毒。结果:日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物2周和4周后显著改善了平均日增重(P<0.05),在第4周时150 mg/kg较50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物组显著降低了平均日增重(P<0.05)。150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物组平均日采食量较其他组显著降低了8.11%、6.85%和8.11%(P<0.05),日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物显著改善了断奶仔猪的料重比(P<0.05)。日粮添加50~150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物可显著提高肺泡巨噬细胞的趋化性指数(P<0.05),同时对照组显著提高了28 d伪狂犬病抗体滴度(P<0.05),显著降低了血清葡萄糖水平(P<0.05)。灵芝发酵产物日粮组较对照组显著提高了IL-2、INF-γ和TNF-α相对强度(P<0.05)。结论:日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物可以显著改善断奶仔猪生长性能,在接种伪狂犬病疫苗时可提高肺泡巨噬细胞的趋化能力和抗体滴度。     

基于转录组测序分析研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫功能的作用机理

本试验旨在研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫调控的关键基因,阐明其对肠黏膜免疫功能的可能作用机理。选用80~90日龄的健康育肥母猪180头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的枸芪多糖,试验期90 d。采集育肥猪的空肠肠段,提取RNA后进行转录组测序分析差异免疫基因的表达。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加枸芪多糖差异表达的免疫基因有75个,其中有26个上调基因和49个下调基因。2)基因本体(GO)富集分析显示差异表达基因主要参与免疫调节、免疫应答和应激反应,信号通路分析显示差异表达基因主要富集在以白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路为主的免疫信号通路。3)通过对肠黏膜差异表达的关键基因原癌基因Jun(JUN)和原癌基因Fos(FOS)的探究可见,与对照组相比,试验组白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、补体5(C5)、JUN和FOS的基因表达受到抑制,Jun和Fos的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加枸芪多糖可提高肥育猪的肠黏膜免疫功能。枸芪多糖通过调节JUN、FOS、IL-18等免疫相关基因的表达,影响IL-17和NOD样受体信号通路,以此来抑制炎症反应。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

甘氨酸锌在动物生产中的应用研究

锌是动物体内的必需微量元素之一,在动物生长发育和健康方面起着关键作用。甘氨酸锌作为有机微量元素具有生物利用率高、减排环保等优势。综述了甘氨酸锌对动物的生长性能、繁殖性能、免疫能力及肠道健康的影响,探讨了动物对甘氨酸锌的需要量,旨在为动物生产中科学利用甘氨酸锌改善动物健康,促进动物生长提供理论依据。     

非洲猪瘟形势下猪流行性腹泻的防控措施

自2018年第一例非洲猪瘟疫情报道至今已经两年多了。为了快速扩繁猪群,许多清空场及新建场不得不大量外购来源复杂后备猪进群。因此,猪场在对猪流行性腹泻的防控上面临着更大的挑战。文章介绍了病毒性腹泻暴发的原因、防控难点和综合防控措施,期望为养殖业同人在实际生产中,科学防控猪流行性腹泻提供一定的参考借鉴。     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

不同结构对囊素样肽的免疫活性影响

化学合成单拷贝（BS）、30拷贝串联（KG30）和30拷贝分支结构（MAP）3种不同结构的囊素样肽，通过体外外周血淋巴细胞刺激增殖试验、杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌刺激试验、E-玫瑰花环试验和体内小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、新城疫疫苗免疫应答的测定，比较了其免疫增强活性。结果表明，BS和MAP的活性显著高于KG30，BS体外试验活性优于MAP，而MAP体内试验活性优于KS。结构对囊素的活性有显著影响，以分支结构的囊素增强免疫效果最好。